IGNOU Faculty Publications

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ICT & The Future of Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Reddy, V. Venugopal; Srivastava, Dr.Manjulika
Since the beginning of the previous century institutions offering distance education have employed a variety of technological platforms to support interactions between teachers and learners and among learners separated by distance, time or both. The convergence of powerful computers with telecommunications technologies, over the past three decades has precipitated a fundamental shift in human history: the so called Information or Knowledge Revolution in the last decade of the previous century. Technological developments in Digitization and Telecommunication have led to fundamental changes in the production, storage and dissemination of materials and information. The focus in the information age or knowledge era is on these new digital information and communication technologies (lCTs). These are proving to be more powerful than previous technologies because of their ability to integrate multiple media into simple educational applications, interactivity, flexibility of use and connectivity. Not only text but a full range, of media including graphics, speech, sounds, still and moving pictures can all be stored and conveyed. It is 'now possible to combine elements of all these components in a single package (i.e. multimedia) instead of using a variety of components such as printed text, audio/video cassette, broadcasting, etc. (i.e. multiple media). Education seems unlikely to escape the influence of such significant technological developments especially as the cost of access to ICTs continues to fall. The number of institutions adopting ICTs and introducing online courses has been growing. Undoubtedly this is leading to the ascendance of distance education as a popular mode of education being adopted by both distance teaching institutions as well as conventional institutions offering campus bound face to face education. It can be said that the adoption of ICTs has opened up new fundamentally different options for higher education both in how to run the business of higher education as well as in methodologies of teaching and learning. More institutions are involved in distance education today than at any other time in history. Distance education has truly moved to the centre stage today.
Estimation of Optimum Dilution in the GMAW Process Using Integrated ANN-GA
(Hindawi Ltd., Adam House) P, Sreeraj; Kannan, T; Maji, Subhashis
To improve the corrosion resistant properties of carbon steel, usually cladding process is used. It is a process of depositing a thick layer of corrosion resistant material over carbon steel plate. Most of the engineering applications require high strength and corrosion resistant materials for long-term reliability and performance. By cladding these properties can be achieved with minimum cost. The main problem faced on cladding is the selection of optimum combinations of process parameters for achieving quality clad and hence good clad bead geometry. This paper highlights an experimental study to optimize various input process parameters (welding current, welding speed, gun angle, and contact tip to work distance and pinch) to get optimum dilution in stainless steel cladding of low carbon structural steel plates using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design with full replication technique, and mathematical models were developed using multiple regression method. The developed models have been checked for adequacy and significance. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques were integrated and labeled as integrated ANN-GA to estimate optimal process parameters in GMAW to get optimum dilution.
Development of Certificate Programme in Jewellery Designing through ODL
(EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH) Yadav, Asha
The main challenge faced by the sector is to fulfill the demand of Jewellery Desginers in Jewellery Industry. Expert Committee was of the opinion that Jewellery Industry is grappling with shortage of skilled artisans and there is a lack of good courses in Jewellery Designing. Keeping these considerations in mind, the Certificate in Jewellery Designing programme was developed for 10+2 pass out through Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode so that this sector may provide better service.
A Survey of Study on the Reasons Responsible for Student Dropout from the Bachelor of Science Programme at Indira Gandhi National Open University
(Athabasca University Press) Fozdar, Bharat Inder; Kumar, Lalita S.; Kannan, S
This paper presents a report on students who decided to drop out of the BSc programme offered by Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). This study was designed to determine the reasons leading to students’ decisions to withdraw from the programme. Identified in this study are nine major reasons for dropouts. Results of this study lead to several suggestions for improving current instructional and delivery strategies of IGNOU’s BSc Programme. Following such suggestions could help to reduce students’ dropout rate for this particular programme through implementation of timely interventions at different critical stages of their learning journey.
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: An Overwhelming Desire towards Blended Learning
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Sethy, Satya Sunda
The aim of this paper is to discuss the nature and status of distance education in the age of globalization, i.e. how best it fits for the present educational scenario. In this connection, we will discuss how Blended Learning (hence after, BL) is one among the other learning strategies mostly helpful for the learners. Keeping this view in mind, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section aims to discuss the nature of distance education in the age of globalization. The second section devotes a discussion on why we need blended learning in ODL system and in which way it plays a vital role for maximizing the benefit of the learners, tutors, and the institutions. The third section explains the pros and cons of blended learning to evaluate how successfully it can be implemented in the ODL system. The paper concludes with an established view that blended learning is a globalized approach to the distance education.
Distance Education and Job Market: A Case Study of IGNOU Graduates
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Gaba, Ashok Kumar
The main focus of the present research study was to (1) know the learners' objective of joining with IGNOU and the advantage of obtaining IGNOU degree to (a) get permanent employment, (b) get promotion, (c) continue education, (d) self employment, (e) social and other reasons; (2) know the utilization of graduate degree; 3) find out the reasons if any for non acceptance of IGNOU degrees in the job market and other higher education institution, if any (4) know the employers’ views about the preference of candidates with degree from IGNOU and others at the time of recruitment in their institutions.
PLANNING THE NETWORKING OF ODL INSTITUTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING INTEGRATED DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Khanna, Pankaj; Basak, P. C
It is proposed to establish an Integrated Distance Education System in India by designing modern technology based information communication network, connecting all its ODL (Open and Distance Learning) institutions to the headquarters of the ODL system in India. The principle roles to be performed by such a system have been discussed; according to which it would enable, educate and empower every member of the academic community including distance learners so as to provide them quality distance education. The connectivity between the ODL institutions would be achieved through the use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) involving wireless networking and optical networking. Various benefits of providing VPN connectivity to the ODL institutions in India, such as cost effectiveness, security, and shared applications/services have also been discussed. Thus, the networking of all the ODL institutions in India would provide a national framework so as to build an excellent Integrated Distance Education System necessary for providing equity and quality distance education at national level.
Knowledge Management & Its Applications In Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Saxena, Anurag
It is the digital economy age in which we are living presently. Thus, traditional thinking is proving futile and newer methods are substituting the older ones. If one has to achieve developmental goals, one has to build a knowledge repository. Success of any system today is defined by its knowledge capital. For example for a university, knowledge is a key sustainable edge and Faculty/students are their key assets. Knowledge management (KM) can provide a university with an opportunity to integrate processes, facilitate collaboration, and form relationship across traditional organizational boundaries. It no longer stands that the most knowledgeable only will conquer; it has become that one who actually uses that knowledge will get the edge. KM provides the opportunities to rethink, recast and re-engineer. Present communication tries to build a framework for open universities to effectively use KM to maintain relationships with existing students and attracting new students, build high-valued knowledge assets, build a knowledge based value-chain to respond to the changing demands for education
LEARNER’S SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY ON IGNOU’S ENGINEERING DIPLOMA PROGRAM
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Venkateshwarlu, Neelam; Agarwal, Ashish
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system is different from conventional education system. ODL system imparts education through multiple media and techniques to equalize the class room education. Unlike the conventional system, the distant learners (students, adults, employed persons, etc.) may face some problems during their course of study. In this paper authors discuss various problems faced by the ODL learners and propose some good practices to enhance the learner’s satisfaction level. The paper further describes the importance of Engineering programs offered through ODL for working technicians (ITI certificate holders) and working technical supervisors (Engineering Diploma holders). It also talks about the career opportunities and promotion aspects after the completion of their respective programs.
ICT USAGE BY DISTANCE LEARNERS IN INDIA
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) AWADHIYA, Ashish Kumar; Miglani, Anshu; GOWTHAMAN, K.
Open Universities across the world are embracing ICT based teaching and learning process to disseminate quality education to their learners spread across the globe. In India availability and access of ICT and learner characteristics are uneven and vary from state to state. Hence it is important to establish the facts about ICT access among learners, their ICT usage patterns and their readiness to use ICT for educational purpose. In view of this, a study was conducted with the objective to find out the access level of ICT among distance learners. The analysis indicates that maximum learners have desktop/laptops and most of them are accessing internet very frequently from their home. The analysis also indicates that maximum respondents are browsing social networking sites followed by educational and e-mail service providing websites. Findings suggest that there is a need to generate ICT based tutorials complemented with social networking tools and mobile applications. Study also shows that learners are equipped with mobile phones and they are browsing internet through it and also availing support services offered by the university. Hence possibility of integrating mobile phone services may be used for providing learner support services and content delivery.
Optimization of weld bead geometry for stainless steel cladding deposited by GMAW.
(American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)) Sreeraj, P; Kannan, T; Maji, Subhasis
The cladded components quality always depends on clad bead geometry and coefficient of shape of welds and dilution. In order to obtain better quality, good corrosion resistant properties and to reduce manufacturing costs the bead parameters must be optimized. The above objectives can be achieved by developing mathematical equations to predict bead geometry. This paper presents central composite rotatable design with full replication technique was used to obtain four critical dimensions of bead geometry. The developed models have been checked for adequacy and significance. The experiments were conducted by depositing Type ER-308L stainless steel wire on to IS-2062 structural steel plates. The results of confirmation experiments showed that the developed models can be able to predict bead geometry with reasonable accuracy. This study proved that both direct and interaction effect plays a major role in determining bead dimensions and dilution. The process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).
A Study of the problems associated with ICT adaptability in Developing Countries in the context of Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) RAJESH, M
Communication technologies have come to play a vibrant role in democratizing Education not only in the Developed but also in the Developing Countries. However, in spreading the use of Information and communication technology some major difficulties are felt by the policy makers as well as the implementers. These difficulties are felt both at the growth and application stages of communication technology. Yaverbaum and Reisman highlight the importance of three aspects in the application of new information and communication technology. They are People, software and hardware. Different permutations and combinations with regard to the three variables create different implications for the growth and application of Information and communication Technology (James C Taylor, “Computer assisted Distance Education: A pedagogic and professional Development Perspective”). Among these, they stated that the most difficult aspect to address would invariably be the human element. Pete Thomas and Dean Taylor state that as access to Information and communication technologies become more extensive, their use is extended from the activities related to internal administrative aspects towards more of interaction with students (James C Taylor, “Computer assisted Distance Education: A pedagogic and professional Development Perspective”). Such a scenario throws up new challenges before technologists in terms of both technical and human aspects. Hidetoshi Kato states that in the years to come communication technologies will play a major role in deciding learning outcomes. (Kato, Hidetoshi (1995) “Technology and Distance education”, Indian Journal Of Open Learning, pp.11-14) The problems associated with the growth of ICT that have been focused upon in this paper are Political factors, Economic factors, Cultural factors and technological factors. Among the major problems associated with application of ICTs the focus will be laid on Socio-political factors, Human and Administrative factors, Economic factors and Technical factors. Further, the paper based on various case studies derives important conclusions and also provides pertinent suggestions to ensure the smooth growth and effective application of ICT in the Third World.
STUDENT RETENTION IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION:A case study of IGNOU Regional Centre, Mumbai
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) M, Rajesh
them being-the academic response mechanism of an institution, effectiveness in handling administrative queries, counseling at learner support centres, effectiveness in handling practical session and so on. The current paper is an attempt to study the effectiveness of student support services in an era of globalization in distance education institutions, with special reference to IGNOU Regional Centre, Mumbai. It is strongly felt that the results of this study will have a strong bearing on the way support services at conducted at Distance Education institutions. Mathematical complexity has been purposively avoided to make the contents of this paper intelligible to a wider audience.
Analyzing E-mail communication of prospective learners
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Joshi, Vibha; Saxena, Anurag; Saxena, Anurag
Analyzing E-mail communication of prospective learners Vibha JOSHIAnurag SAXENA Reader School of Management IGNOU, New Delhi, INDIA ABSTRACT Today, computer has replaced all means of communication significantly. E-mail is the most popular means of communication through computers. It has vanished the boundaries between the cities, countries and continents. Earlier Studies that used this medium, had shown evidence of higher quality of responses and also significant cost savings feature of this method (mainly for convenience of dispatch) for research purposes. In this communication, an attempt has been made to utilize email responses of prospective learners in education discipline based programs offered through open learning system. The inception of this study is linked to the creation of website (http://www.ignou.ac.in/) and availability of information related to all activated and prospective programs of studies, various school of studies, faculty email addresses and faculty vis-à-vis program coordinator in the University. The present study analyzed 65 email responses received from July 2002 to till date by the researcher on her email ID. These respondents got the email ID from the University website and due to their eagerness to attain qualifications in the field of education/guidance/educational management, sent an e-mail to the program coordinator(s). These email responses were analyzed in order to visualize the learner profiles and viability of the ongoing as well as prospective programs of studies. This paper tries to analyze the e-mail responses of the people who either by surfing IGNOU’s website or from other sources came to know about the various programs of studies offered by the School of Education. The study validates that there is an amount of hidden information even in the curiosity of the learners.
ETHICAL AND VALUE SENSITIZATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) sivaswaroop, Pathaneni
Spreading of Ethics and Values in the Society is an inherent activity of Education system. Distance Education (DE) being the latest form of Education, it is quite natural that DE also has to spread Ethics and Values in the Society. Some characteristic features of DE facilitate its role in this activity. This article discusses these issues.
Evaluation of the Larvicidal Efficacy of Five Indigenous Weeds against an Indian Strain of Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation) Sharma, Aarti; Kumar, Sarita; Tripathi, Pushplata
Background and Objectives. Aedes aegypti, dengue fever mosquito, is primarily associated with the transmission of dengue and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present investigations were carried out to assess the larvicidal efficiency of five indigenous weeds against Ae. aegypti. Methods. The 1,000 ppm hexane and ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves and stem of five plants (Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Lantana camara, and Xanthium strumarium) were screened for their larvicidal activity against early fourth instars of dengue vector. The extracts which could cause 80–100% mortality were further investigated for their efficacy. Results. The preliminary screening established the efficacy of hexane extracts as compared to the ethanol extracts. Further investigations revealed the highest larvicidal potential of A. aspera extracts exhibiting LC50 value of 82.555 ppm and 68.133 ppm, respectively. Further, their leaf extracts showed 5–85.9% higher larvicidal activity and stem extracts exhibited 0.23- to 0.85-fold more efficiency than the other four extracts. Conclusion. The present investigations suggest the possible use of A. aspera as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicidal agent for the control of dengue vector, Ae. aegypti. Future studies are, however, required to explore and identify the bioactive component involved and its mode of action.
Learner-Centredness: An Issue of Institutional Policy in the context of Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Pulist, S. K
The new concept of learner-centredness has evolved as a contemporary counter to the traditional teacher-centred approach to education which has been authoritative in nature. There is now a shift in focus to the learner which in part has grown out of our dissatisfaction with traditional approaches that are based on the notion of giving/transmitting a predetermined body of knowledge to the learner who is treated as an object. The shift reflects a desire to explore ways of making teaching responsive to learner needs & interests and allowing learners to play a fuller, more active and participatory role in the day-to-day teaching/learning processes. This inclination towards a more learner-centred approach to teaching/learning is not the outcome of a single structured school of thought. Educators and technical psychologists have focused on the learner and the learning processes from different perspectives. Learner-centred approach to teaching/learning can be said to be an outcome of an integration of overlapping and sometimes different perspectives on teaching/ learning.
Science Education Through Open And Distance Learning At Higher Education Level
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Nigam, Amrita
The changes faced by the society in the past few decades brought revolution in all areas. The job requirements have undergone change tremendously. The emergence of e-culture, e-education, e-governance, e-training, e-work sites and so on questioned the capacity of conventional face to face education in catering to all and relevance of existing job related skills to a great extent in the emerging global society. Today, every one has to update his/her educational and/or professional skills and competencies to cope up with the emerging work challenges. This is more so in the field of science and technology. At the same time, it is impossible to cater to educational and training opportunities to one and all those who aspire for it through the conventional set up. The distance and open learning (ODL) seems to be one of the viable alternatives. Today, the success and viability of ODL is accepted globally. Coulter (1989), through a study demonstrated that ODL is a cost-effective medium in providing educational opportunities. Similarly Holmberg (1981) also mentioned ODL as a systematic teaching-learning medium by using variety of medium for imparting learning. The present study is an attempt to study the experiences of the open science learners of IGNOU on different aspect of the science higher education. Here a questionnaire was used to collect the data and responses from 81 students enrolled for B. Sc. from IGNOU were collected. The findings of the study reported that society has undergone drastic changes in the last few decades. The revolution led due to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have widely affected all aspects of society. The emerging jobs require entirely new skills and competencies i.e., employment in BPOs or switching over to e-governance, e-Banking and e- based sectors. Even e-learning has made numerous expectations from teachers and other personnel. The use of ICTs in almost every field needs adequately trained workers so that they can work efficiently and effectively. The training and retraining avenues in the conventional system is grossly inadequate to cope up with the present and future demands. In this situation open and distance education is the available alternative.
Adiposity Measures and Menstrual Cycle: Do We Envisage a Relation?
Sinha, Rashmi; Kapoor, Anup Kumar; Kapoor, Satwanti
The study aims to see the relationship between menstrual cycle and adiposity measures in Indian populations as menstrual cycle length has an important bearing on fertility and health of women. 415 premenopausal women in the ages 22–50 years residing in Delhi, India constituted the data. The adiposity was assessed by BMI as well as by using Bio-electric impedance method. The information regarding their physical activity pattern and menstrual cycle was recorded, and age at menarche was obtained through recall method. None of the underweight category women had menstrual cycle of less than 25 days. A decrease in body mass index and an increase in the age at menarche were found with the increase in the duration of menstrual cycle. The majority of women with 25–35 days duration of menstrual cycle in the present study were distributed in all the categories of BMI. Age was found to have no effect on longer cycle. The majority of women were in moderately physically active group and experienced menstrual cycle duration of 25–35 days. It is of utmost importance to identify the effects of moderate levels of physical activity, body mass index, and age at menarche on the menstrual cycle to enable the normal reproductive health of women.
Comparative Study of Current Trends in Distance Education in Canada and India
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Srivastava, Manjulika
Distance Education (DE) came into existence more than 150 years ago, as an effort to replace live, face-to-face instruction. Ever since then DE has evolved and taken several distinctive forms that reflect the characteristics of technologies that have emerged at different periods of time. Distance educators have always been adept at selecting appropriate technology for imparting instruction and promoting teacher-learner interaction over distances. Even emergence of DE in Canada coincides with the rise of the mail service in 1889, whereas in India it was introduced in the 1960s to meet the demand for higher education. However the movement gathered strength in both Canada and India at the same time, in the 1970s and 1980s. Currently all major DE institutions in both countries are engaged in providing flexible and accessible learning opportunities to their learners.The present paper discusses the existing practices and major issues confronting DE in these countries.

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