IGNOU Publications

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A Study of the problems associated with ICT adaptability in Developing Countries in the context of Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) RAJESH, M
Communication technologies have come to play a vibrant role in democratizing Education not only in the Developed but also in the Developing Countries. However, in spreading the use of Information and communication technology some major difficulties are felt by the policy makers as well as the implementers. These difficulties are felt both at the growth and application stages of communication technology. Yaverbaum and Reisman highlight the importance of three aspects in the application of new information and communication technology. They are People, software and hardware. Different permutations and combinations with regard to the three variables create different implications for the growth and application of Information and communication Technology (James C Taylor, “Computer assisted Distance Education: A pedagogic and professional Development Perspective”). Among these, they stated that the most difficult aspect to address would invariably be the human element. Pete Thomas and Dean Taylor state that as access to Information and communication technologies become more extensive, their use is extended from the activities related to internal administrative aspects towards more of interaction with students (James C Taylor, “Computer assisted Distance Education: A pedagogic and professional Development Perspective”). Such a scenario throws up new challenges before technologists in terms of both technical and human aspects. Hidetoshi Kato states that in the years to come communication technologies will play a major role in deciding learning outcomes. (Kato, Hidetoshi (1995) “Technology and Distance education”, Indian Journal Of Open Learning, pp.11-14) The problems associated with the growth of ICT that have been focused upon in this paper are Political factors, Economic factors, Cultural factors and technological factors. Among the major problems associated with application of ICTs the focus will be laid on Socio-political factors, Human and Administrative factors, Economic factors and Technical factors. Further, the paper based on various case studies derives important conclusions and also provides pertinent suggestions to ensure the smooth growth and effective application of ICT in the Third World.
STUDENT RETENTION IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION:A case study of IGNOU Regional Centre, Mumbai
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) M, Rajesh
them being-the academic response mechanism of an institution, effectiveness in handling administrative queries, counseling at learner support centres, effectiveness in handling practical session and so on. The current paper is an attempt to study the effectiveness of student support services in an era of globalization in distance education institutions, with special reference to IGNOU Regional Centre, Mumbai. It is strongly felt that the results of this study will have a strong bearing on the way support services at conducted at Distance Education institutions. Mathematical complexity has been purposively avoided to make the contents of this paper intelligible to a wider audience.
Teaching Chemistry at Indira Gandhi National Open University
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Fozdar, Bharat I.; Kumar, Lalita S
The Open Distance Learning (ODL) concept is fast becoming popular all over the world and it has a lot of relevance for a highly populated country like India. However, the most important aspect of this type of teaching-learning process is establishment of the credibility especially when the laboratory based science programmes are delivered from such institutions. The apprehensions arise because teaching laboratory based science related subjects at a distance is difficult due to students’ compulsory presence for the experimental work and also the cost involvement. Through this paper we intend to establish the credibility and authenticity of the B.Sc. (major) in chemistry programme by giving a brief comparative account of IGNOU and conventional university courses. It discusses the delivery aspects of this programme highlighting the existing delivery mechanism, analyses the weaknesses in the present system substantiated by a survey study and also suggests some new approaches to make chemistry courses more effective from learner’s learning point of view. The survey study has been helpful also in suggesting appropriate technologies for the effective delivery of Chemistry courses.
Science Education Through Open And Distance Learning At Higher Education Level
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Nigam, Amrita
The changes faced by the society in the past few decades brought revolution in all areas. The job requirements have undergone change tremendously. The emergence of e-culture, e-education, e-governance, e-training, e-work sites and so on questioned the capacity of conventional face to face education in catering to all and relevance of existing job related skills to a great extent in the emerging global society. Today, every one has to update his/her educational and/or professional skills and competencies to cope up with the emerging work challenges. This is more so in the field of science and technology. At the same time, it is impossible to cater to educational and training opportunities to one and all those who aspire for it through the conventional set up. The distance and open learning (ODL) seems to be one of the viable alternatives. Today, the success and viability of ODL is accepted globally. Coulter (1989), through a study demonstrated that ODL is a cost-effective medium in providing educational opportunities. Similarly Holmberg (1981) also mentioned ODL as a systematic teaching-learning medium by using variety of medium for imparting learning. The present study is an attempt to study the experiences of the open science learners of IGNOU on different aspect of the science higher education. Here a questionnaire was used to collect the data and responses from 81 students enrolled for B. Sc. from IGNOU were collected. The findings of the study reported that society has undergone drastic changes in the last few decades. The revolution led due to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have widely affected all aspects of society. The emerging jobs require entirely new skills and competencies i.e., employment in BPOs or switching over to e-governance, e-Banking and e- based sectors. Even e-learning has made numerous expectations from teachers and other personnel. The use of ICTs in almost every field needs adequately trained workers so that they can work efficiently and effectively. The training and retraining avenues in the conventional system is grossly inadequate to cope up with the present and future demands. In this situation open and distance education is the available alternative.
TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE SUCCESSFUL LEARNER: A Case Study of IGNOU
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) NAIR, Sindhu P.
The growth of enrolment in the ODL system has been considerable. However, another parameter of significance in the context of Open and Distance learning is the learner success rate. While enrolment rates have been very encouraging in distance education, the pass-out rates haven’t been similar. There is a need to focus on the dynamics involved after a learner enrols himself in an OU and what drives him to stay focussed and complete his academic pursuit successfully or alternatively what holds or slows his academic progress and eventually makes him drop out. The study highlights that there are both institution-based (that is OU-based) and learner-centric factors that could facilitate learners to successfully complete their studies. There are both controllable and uncontrollable factors that affect the OU learners’ success rate. This study attempts to capture the learner-centric factors and OU-related factors that have facilitated the learners to successfully complete their study. The paper delves into those key aspects or factors which would have facilitated the passed out learners in successfully completing their programmes in the open system. The findings are of direct interest, both from an institution perspective and that of a distance learner. It provides inputs to the Open and distance learning system, towards formulating appropriate strategies that further facilitate learners to successfully pass out. Also the findings serve as indicators/guide rules for any learner in the open system.
LEARNER’S SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY ON IGNOU’S ENGINEERING DIPLOMA PROGRAM
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Venkateshwarlu, Neelam; Agarwal, Ashish
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system is different from conventional education system. ODL system imparts education through multiple media and techniques to equalize the class room education. Unlike the conventional system, the distant learners (students, adults, employed persons, etc.) may face some problems during their course of study. In this paper authors discuss various problems faced by the ODL learners and propose some good practices to enhance the learner’s satisfaction level. The paper further describes the importance of Engineering programs offered through ODL for working technicians (ITI certificate holders) and working technical supervisors (Engineering Diploma holders). It also talks about the career opportunities and promotion aspects after the completion of their respective programs.
Pedagogic Effectiveness of Print, Interactive Multimedia, and Online Resources: A Case Study of IGNOU
(Eskişehir Osmangazi University) Dikshit, Jyotsna; Garg, Suresh; Panda, Santosh
In the present paper, the authors report on a comparative study on the pedagogic effectiveness of printed self-learning text with face-to-face tutorial support, interactive multimedia CD-ROM and online learning in an introductory computing module at the certificate level offered at Indira Gandhi National Open University(IGNOU), India. The study was based on an analysis of the existing instructional practices in open universities in India in respect of difficulties faced, learner preferences, quality of support structure and services, mode of interaction, instructional and technological ingredients for success in learning. Both descriptive as well as experimental research methods were used. A web server was established for use in the experiment with the students. An achievement test and a Response to Learning Activity Scale were developed and administered on the three groups of learners. The study reports that the use of interactive multimedia CD-ROM was found pedagogically more effective with a variety of learning activities than that presented through print with face-to-face support and that presented through the web with online learner support.
Defect Prediction Framework Using Neural Networks for Software Enhancement Projects
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international Ltd.) Vashisht, Vipul; Lal, Manohar; G.S, Sureshchandar
So far, various approaches have been proposed for effective and accurate prediction of software defects, yet most of these approaches have limited adoption in practice. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework which is expected to be more user-friendly, effective and acceptable for predicting the defects in multiple phases across software enhancement projects. This communication describes a process of applying computational intelligence technologies, in particular neural networks in formulating defect prediction models early in the software development life cycle. A series of empirical experiments are carried out based on input and output measures extracted from 50 'real world' project subsystems. In order to increase the adoption and make the prediction framework easily accessible to project managers, a graphical user interface (GUI) based tool has been designed and implemented that allows input data to be fed easily. The proposed framework uses historical data for training model and as a result provides a defect range (minimum, maximum) based output instead of a definite defect count based output. This is done in view of the fact that exact-count prediction has less probability of being correct as compared to range based predictions. The defect predictions can be used for taking informed decisions including prioritizing software testing efforts, planning additional round of code reviews, allocating human and computerresources, planning for risk mitigation strategy and other corrective actions. The claim of effectiveness of proposed framework is established through results of a comparative study, involving the proposed framework and some well-known models for software defect prediction.
Analyzing E-mail communication of prospective learners
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Joshi, Vibha; Saxena, Anurag; Saxena, Anurag
Analyzing E-mail communication of prospective learners Vibha JOSHIAnurag SAXENA Reader School of Management IGNOU, New Delhi, INDIA ABSTRACT Today, computer has replaced all means of communication significantly. E-mail is the most popular means of communication through computers. It has vanished the boundaries between the cities, countries and continents. Earlier Studies that used this medium, had shown evidence of higher quality of responses and also significant cost savings feature of this method (mainly for convenience of dispatch) for research purposes. In this communication, an attempt has been made to utilize email responses of prospective learners in education discipline based programs offered through open learning system. The inception of this study is linked to the creation of website (http://www.ignou.ac.in/) and availability of information related to all activated and prospective programs of studies, various school of studies, faculty email addresses and faculty vis-à-vis program coordinator in the University. The present study analyzed 65 email responses received from July 2002 to till date by the researcher on her email ID. These respondents got the email ID from the University website and due to their eagerness to attain qualifications in the field of education/guidance/educational management, sent an e-mail to the program coordinator(s). These email responses were analyzed in order to visualize the learner profiles and viability of the ongoing as well as prospective programs of studies. This paper tries to analyze the e-mail responses of the people who either by surfing IGNOU’s website or from other sources came to know about the various programs of studies offered by the School of Education. The study validates that there is an amount of hidden information even in the curiosity of the learners.
Knowledge Management & Its Applications In Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Saxena, Anurag
It is the digital economy age in which we are living presently. Thus, traditional thinking is proving futile and newer methods are substituting the older ones. If one has to achieve developmental goals, one has to build a knowledge repository. Success of any system today is defined by its knowledge capital. For example for a university, knowledge is a key sustainable edge and Faculty/students are their key assets. Knowledge management (KM) can provide a university with an opportunity to integrate processes, facilitate collaboration, and form relationship across traditional organizational boundaries. It no longer stands that the most knowledgeable only will conquer; it has become that one who actually uses that knowledge will get the edge. KM provides the opportunities to rethink, recast and re-engineer. Present communication tries to build a framework for open universities to effectively use KM to maintain relationships with existing students and attracting new students, build high-valued knowledge assets, build a knowledge based value-chain to respond to the changing demands for education
Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by Using N,N,N-Tributylpropanaminium Based Novel Chiral Ionic Liquid
(Scientific Research Publishing) Rupini, Boyina; Pasricha, Sharda; Rathi, Brijesh
Asymmetric reductive amination of carbonyl compounds was carried out using a novel class of aliphatic quarternary ammonium based chiral ionic liquid. S-(+)-2,3-dihydroxy-N,N,N-tributylpropanaminum bromide chiral ionic liquid has been synthesized, characterized and used for asymmetric reductive amination of carbonyl compounds in the presence of sodium borohydride. These preliminary results are encouraging and advocate dual role of novel ionic liquid as a medium and reducing agent for proficient conversion of ketones to amines, however, reductive amination reaction needs to be established for other substituents.
Need and Relevance of Population Education at school level in the Present Indian Context
(Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Kolhapur) Yadav, Asha
India is developing Country. Due to population explosion we are still lagging behind in every field in the world as compare to other developed nations. Most of the Indian are living below the poverty line. They are deprived from those facilities which are essential for survival. It can be removed by controlling population. In this regard population education can play an important role. Therefore, at every level of education it should be compulsory. Being a teacher educator it is our responsibility to suggest government to include population education in curriculum as a compulsory subject because this is a need of hour.
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: An Overwhelming Desire towards Blended Learning
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Sethy, Satya Sunda
The aim of this paper is to discuss the nature and status of distance education in the age of globalization, i.e. how best it fits for the present educational scenario. In this connection, we will discuss how Blended Learning (hence after, BL) is one among the other learning strategies mostly helpful for the learners. Keeping this view in mind, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section aims to discuss the nature of distance education in the age of globalization. The second section devotes a discussion on why we need blended learning in ODL system and in which way it plays a vital role for maximizing the benefit of the learners, tutors, and the institutions. The third section explains the pros and cons of blended learning to evaluate how successfully it can be implemented in the ODL system. The paper concludes with an established view that blended learning is a globalized approach to the distance education.
Web 3.0 in Education & Research
(BIJIT - BVICAM’s International Journal of Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management (BVICAM), New Delhi) Rajiv; Lal, Manohar
The continuous evolution of the Internet has opened unimaginable opportunities and challenges in web based education and learning. The traditional version of web i.e. Web 1.0 started as a Read only medium; the next version Web 2.0 established itself as Read/Write medium. Now the currently evolving version of web, viz., Web 3.0 is said to be a technologically advanced medium which allows the users to Read/Write/Execute and also allows the machines to carry out some of the thinking so far expected only from the human beings. In a short time, Web 2.0 and now Web 3.0 have created new tools and technologies for facilitating web based education & learning. To begin with, this paper discusses some definitions of the Web 3.0, its evolution and characteristics. Next, we have discussed about the possible future Web 3.0 technologies, trends, tools and services that will assist in the areas of online learning, personalization and knowledge construction powered by the Semantic Web.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Properties of Novel 2-Chloro-N-(Aryl Substituted) Acetamide Derivatives of 5-[2-(4- Methoxyphenyl) Pyridin-3-yl]-1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole-2-Thiol
(Insight Medical Publishing) Adimule, Vinayak; Medapa, Sudha; Kumar, S lalita; Rao, Prakash Kumar
In this linear synthesis, novel different 2-chloro N-aryl substitutedacetamide derivatives of 5-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyridin-3-yl]-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-thiol have been synthesized and screened for their cytotoxicity on PANC-1, HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines and obtained the IC50 and CC50 values.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by LCMS, IR, 1H and 13C (proton and Carbon 13) spectroscopies and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for invitro anticancer activity on three different human leukemic cell lines, namely PANC-1,HepG2 and MCF7.In total five compounds were synthesized and studied for their MTT assay. Among five synthesized novel compounds, the compound N- [5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-2-{5-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3- yl][1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl}-acetamide6e is highly cytotoxic on PANC-1 and HepG2 cell lines having IC50 of 4.6μM and 2.2μM respectively whereas the compound 6c is moderately cytotoxic on MCF7 having IC50 15.5μM respectively. Rest all the compounds showed less cytotoxicity on all the three cell lines as compared with the standard 5-FU.
Descriptive Analysis of Enrollment Data and Adaptive Educational Hypermedia.
(BIJIT - BVICAM’s International Journal of Information Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management) Chopra, Nidhi; Lal, Manohar
As the world around is going through a technological revolution with the dawn of digital age, educationists are in some ways compelled to rethink the existing education system and its components. With the tools and the techniques available, nowadays it's imperative to reconsider how they can be used to improve educational institutions and associated bodies. Opportunities for knowledge discovery in educational data have increased tremendously with digital revolution now as compared to the scenario in the past. Educational data is becoming increasingly rich as more and more educational systems are going online and collecting large amounts of data. In this paper a study of an enrollment dataset is presented. Copyright of BVICAM's International Journal of Information Technology is the property of Institute of Computer Applications & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.
Virtual Educatıon in a Developing Nation (INDIA): Experiences of IGNOU
(TOJDE-The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Anadolu University) Reddy, V. Venugopal; Srivasta, Manjulika
IGNOU came into existence in the year 1985 with a mandate to democratize higher education by a diversity of means using traditional and new technologies. The university has achieved many milestones in a short span of 15 years existence in terms of courses and programmes introduced, instructional technologies adopted and student services offered. Above all it has enrolled a large number of students achieving a 'mega open university' status. Since 1998 IGNOU has introduced virtual education, with a few academic programmes pertaining to Computer and Information Sciences in two phases. In order to assess the 'Virtual Campus' initiative a study was initiated by the researchers in the year 2000. The findings of which have been discussed in this paper. Also background information about the trends in the development and delivery of academic programmes through Virtual Campus at IGNOU have been explained.
Learner-Centredness: An Issue of Institutional Policy in the context of Distance Education
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Pulist, S. K
The new concept of learner-centredness has evolved as a contemporary counter to the traditional teacher-centred approach to education which has been authoritative in nature. There is now a shift in focus to the learner which in part has grown out of our dissatisfaction with traditional approaches that are based on the notion of giving/transmitting a predetermined body of knowledge to the learner who is treated as an object. The shift reflects a desire to explore ways of making teaching responsive to learner needs & interests and allowing learners to play a fuller, more active and participatory role in the day-to-day teaching/learning processes. This inclination towards a more learner-centred approach to teaching/learning is not the outcome of a single structured school of thought. Educators and technical psychologists have focused on the learner and the learning processes from different perspectives. Learner-centred approach to teaching/learning can be said to be an outcome of an integration of overlapping and sometimes different perspectives on teaching/ learning.
VALUE-ADDITION FOR EMPOWERMENT AND EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH INTERVENTION OF ODL MODE OF IGNOU
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) S, kishore
In the developing country like India, the output of graduates from higher educational institutions is high. But, the major concern is that majority of graduates are not employable, especially from rural areas for want of skills expected by the employer. The soft skills, communication skills and multidisciplinary knowledge are essential to become employable. In this context, the short-term six months courses of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) delivered through the ODL mode is an alternative intervention to the graduates towards empowerment. This article analyses the benefits of self-learning though ODL mode of IGNOU. The IGNOU Regional Centre, Madurai has made a pilot attempt in enrolling formal mode college going students in a few specific certificate programmes of IGNOU for enrichment and empowerment. The certificate level programmes of IGNOU which match the discipline of study at the graduation level as a value added course are also explored in this work. Self-study through ODL promotes the many skills and builds confidence to link learning to real-life situations and as well as ability to understand the changing demands in the world of work. Also, ability to manage information is a significant dimension of self-learning. Thus, the short-term programmes of IGNOU extend value-addition to the graduates in the form of transferable skills and the value-added outputs are expected to be employable or self-employable, thus contributing to the growth of the nation.
Distance Education and Job Market: A Case Study of IGNOU Graduates
(Anadolu University, Eskisehir) Gaba, Ashok Kumar
The main focus of the present research study was to (1) know the learners' objective of joining with IGNOU and the advantage of obtaining IGNOU degree to (a) get permanent employment, (b) get promotion, (c) continue education, (d) self employment, (e) social and other reasons; (2) know the utilization of graduate degree; 3) find out the reasons if any for non acceptance of IGNOU degrees in the job market and other higher education institution, if any (4) know the employers’ views about the preference of candidates with degree from IGNOU and others at the time of recruitment in their institutions.

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